What type of bond involves atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons?

A covalent bond involves the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms. This type of bond typically occurs between nonmetal atoms and is crucial for the formation of molecules. In a covalent bond, each atom contributes at least one electron, allowing them to achieve a more stable electronic configuration, often resembling that of noble gases. The shared electrons enable the atoms to bond more tightly together, resulting in the formation of distinct molecular structures.

For example, in a water molecule (H₂O), each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom, creating covalent bonds that hold the molecule together. This sharing of electrons can occur in single, double, or even triple bonds, depending on how many pairs of electrons are involved.

Covalent bonding is fundamental in organic and inorganic chemistry, as it determines the chemical properties and behavior of various substances. Understanding covalent bonds is essential for grasping more complex chemical interactions and reactions.