What role do electrons play in chemical bonding?

Electrons play a crucial role in chemical bonding by participating in the formation of bonds between atoms. In chemical reactions, atoms either share or transfer their electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration. This process is essential for forming different types of bonds.

When atoms share electrons, as seen in covalent bonds, they create a mutually beneficial scenario where both atoms can attain a full outer electron shell, leading to greater stability. In ionic bonds, one atom donates an electron to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other, forming a stable ionic compound.

Thus, the participation of electrons through sharing or transferring is foundational in creating the diverse array of chemical compounds observed in nature. Understanding this role of electrons helps explain why atoms bond and how different substances are formed.