What does Le Chatelier's principle state?

Le Chatelier's principle states that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in concentration, temperature, or pressure, the system will adjust in a way that counteracts the effect of that change. This means that the equilibrium position of the reaction shifts in a direction that reduces the impact of the applied change, helping the system to re-establish a new state of equilibrium.

For example, if the concentration of a reactant is increased, the equilibrium will shift towards the product side to use up the added reactant, thereby counteracting the concentration change. Similarly, if the temperature of an exothermic reaction is increased, the equilibrium will shift toward the reactants to absorb some of the excess heat.

Understanding this principle is essential in predicting how changes in conditions will affect chemical reactions and is widely applicable in both chemical manufacturing processes and laboratory settings.