How do saturated and unsaturated solutions differ?

A saturated solution is one that has reached its maximum capacity to dissolve a solute at a given temperature and pressure. This means that no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent beyond this point; any additional solute will remain undissolved. The concentration of a saturated solution is at equilibrium with the solute that is present, meaning the system is in balance.

In contrast, an unsaturated solution can still incorporate more solute; it has not yet reached the maximum solubility limit. Therefore, the distinction between saturated and unsaturated solutions lies in the saturation level of the solute.

Understanding this concept is essential because it helps predict behaviors in solubility, concentration changes upon temperature variation, and the dynamics involved in chemical reactions that rely on the presence of certain solute levels.